Outliers

Drops rows whose value on any selected column is an outlier.

• IQR: outside Q1 − 1.5×IQR … Q3 + 1.5×IQR.

• Z-score: |z| > 3.

Flagged rows are listed as checkboxes under Remove: (all ticked by default). Untick any to keep that respondent — useful when a value is extreme but legitimate. Previewing the data shows the rows that will be removed in red. Toggle the step off to keep all rows.

To judge outliers separately within each subgroup, use Outliers within groups; across several columns jointly, use ND outliers (multidimensional).