Calculate Scale

Builds a new scale column by aggregating the selected item columns per row:

• Sum or Mean across the items.

• Optionally convert the result to Stanine (1–9).

• The source questions can be kept, deleted, or auto-renamed.

Reverse-keyed items — put any reverse-scored questions in the Reverse-score first field. They are flipped (using the same reference as Invert Scale — auto-inferred as max + min over their pooled values, or a Manual override you can Preview) and then aggregated together with the normal questions. With Replace reverse-scored columns with flipped on (default), those source columns are written back flipped and renamed … (flipped) — unless the questions are auto-renamed, in which case they simply take the <scale> Q1, <scale> Q2 … names.

Missing values controls respondents who skipped some items:

• Skip respondent (default) — a row missing any item gets no scale value.

• Allow up to max % — aggregate over the items that are present, as long as the share of missing items is within Max missing %. For example, 0 keeps only complete respondents, 100 always aggregates over whatever is present, and 25 allows up to a quarter of items to be missing.