Response quality

Screens respondents for careless or low-quality answering on the selected questions and flags them for removal — the survey-data equivalent of the outlier steps, but aimed at how someone answered rather than at extreme values.

Pick the questions to inspect and a Check:

• Long string (default) — the longest run of identical consecutive answers covers at least Flag at % of items of the questions (classic straightlining down a grid).

• Duplicate entries — rows that repeat an earlier row across the selected questions (the first occurrence is kept). Ignores the threshold below.

• High missingness — the respondent left at least that share of the selected items blank.

• Low variability — the respondent’s single most-common answer covers at least that share of the items (little variation across questions, even if not consecutive).

The Flag at % of items control is shared by the three percentage-based checks (for example, 50 flags a respondent when half the items are involved); it does not affect Duplicate entries.

Flagged rows are listed as checkboxes under Remove: (all ticked by default). Untick any to keep that respondent. Previewing the data shows the rows that will be removed in red, and the step is toggleable from the card — so you can compare results with and without the cleaning.